米哈游是谁？：从大学宿舍到全球舞台

2009年的冬天，上海交通大学闵行校区的宿舍里，三个年轻人正盯着电脑屏幕，眼睛里闪烁着一种近乎狂热的光芒。他们不是在打游戏——好吧，确实是在打游戏——但更准确地说，他们是在为一款刚刚上线的游戏捏着一把汗。这三个"宅男"可不是什么学霸，他们的GPA（绩点）可能刚刚够到及格线，但他们对二次元的热爱，对ACG文化的痴迷，足以让任何一个漫展上的死宅自愧不如。

The winter of 2009. In a dormitory at Shanghai Jiao Tong University's Minhang campus, three young men stared at their computer screens with an almost fanatical gleam in their eyes. They weren't just playing games—okay, they were playing games—but more precisely, they were sweating over a game that had just gone online. These three "otaku" were definitely not top students. Their GPAs probably just scraped by. But their passion for anime culture and obsession with ACG (Anime, Comics, Games) could make any die-hard fan at a convention feel inadequate.

这三个人的名字是刘伟、蔡浩宇和罗宇。在中国游戏行业的历史上，这个组合将会被无数次提及，但在2009年那个寒冷的冬夜，他们只是三个做着白日梦的大学生。刘伟是那个总是西装革履、看起来像个房产中介的"商务型"选手；蔡浩宇是个技术天才，代码写得比说话还溜；罗宇则是那个闷头干活、永远在调试bug（程序错误）的"码农"本农。

These three men's names were Liu Wei, Cai Haoyu, and Luo Yu. In the history of China's gaming industry, this trio would be mentioned countless times. But on that cold winter night in 2009, they were just three college students with big dreams. Liu Wei was the "business type" who always wore a suit and looked like a real estate agent; Cai Haoyu was a tech genius whose code flowed smoother than his words; Luo Yu was the quiet coder, always debugging bugs.

他们给自己的公司起了个名字——miHoYo。这个名字现在看起来很简单，甚至有点随意，但据说背后的含义是"妈妈吼哟"（妈妈，快看我的游戏哟）的缩写。当然，官方说法是"米霍游"——一个融合了"Mihoyo"和"漫游"意象的名字。但不管怎么说，当你听到这三个年轻人讲述这个名字的由来时，很难不笑出声来。

They named their company miHoYo. The name looks simple now, even a bit casual, but legend has it the meaning behind it is "Mama, Look at My Game!" (妈妈吼哟) abbreviated. Of course, the official explanation is that it fuses "Mihoyo" with the imagery of "roaming." But regardless, you can't help but laugh when you hear these three young people explain where the name came from.

创业的理由很简单——他们不想打工。在那个年代，中国的互联网创业浪潮刚刚兴起，但游戏行业还基本被腾讯、网易、盛大一统天下。三个没有任何资源、没有人脉、没有资本的年轻人，想要在这个巨头林立的江湖里杀出一条血路，难度堪比登天。但正如后来无数采访中所说的一样，他们有一个共同的特点：不服输。

The reason for starting a business was simple—they didn't want to work for someone else. In that era, China's internet startup wave was just emerging, but the gaming industry was basically dominated by Tencent, NetEase, and Shanda. Three young people with no resources, no connections, no capital, wanting to carve out a niche in this jungle of giants? The difficulty was comparable to climbing heaven. But as they would say in countless interviews later, they shared one key trait: they refused to give up.

他们做的第一款游戏叫《FlyMe2theMoon》，中文名叫《崩崩》。是的，你没看错，就是那个后来演变成庞大"崩坏"宇宙的开端。但在2009年，这只是一个Flash小游戏，游戏时长只有几分钟，剧情简单到可以忽略不计，画面粗糙得像是用Windows自带画图工具画的。唯一能拿得出手的大概就是——它很"二次元"。

Their first game was called *FlyMe2theMoon*, known in Chinese as *崩崩* (Bang Bang). Yes, you read that right—it was the beginning of what would later evolve into the massive "Houkai" (崩坏) universe. But in 2009, it was just a Flash mini-game, only a few minutes long, with a plot so simple it was practically negligible, and graphics as rough as if drawn with Windows Paint. The only thing worth mentioning was probably—that it was very "anime-style."

但就是这样一个简陋得不能再简陋的小游戏，在没有任何推广的情况下，凭借玩家之间的口碑传播，上线第一周就获得了超过10万的下载量。对于三个穷学生来说，这简直是个天文数字。更重要的是，这次小小的成功给了他们巨大的信心：原来，真的有人喜欢我们做的东西！

But this simple, no-frills mini-game, without any promotion, relying solely on word-of-mouth among players, got over 100,000 downloads in its first week. For three broke college students, this was an astronomical figure. More importantly, this small success gave them enormous confidence: so someone actually likes what we made!

这里有一个细节值得玩味：在《崩崩》成功之后，有不少投资机构找上门来，想要投资这三个年轻人。但都被他们拒绝了。原因很简单——他们不想被资本"绑架"。刘伟后来说过一句话，大意是："如果接受投资，就要对投资人负责，就要做能赚钱的游戏。但我们想做的游戏，不一定能赚钱。"这句话在今天看来简直是"凡尔赛"，但在当时，这代表了一种难得的纯粹和对理想的坚持。

Here's an interesting detail: after *Bang Bang*'s success, many investment firms came knocking, wanting to invest in these three young people. They were all rejected. The reason was simple—they didn't want to be "held hostage" by capital. Liu Wei later said something to the effect of: "If we accept investment, we have to be responsible to investors, we have to make games that make money. But the games we want to make aren't necessarily profitable." This statement seems like "showing off" today, but at the time, it represented a rare purity and commitment to their ideals.

时间快进到2012年。经过三年的打磨和积累，三个年轻人终于从宿舍搬进了真正的办公室——虽然只是一个几十平米的小房间，但这是属于他们的"创业基地"。也是在这一年，他们正式推出了《崩坏学园》。

Let's fast forward to 2012. After three years of refining and accumulating, the three young people finally moved from their dormitory to a real office—though it was just a small room of a few dozen square meters, it was their "startup base." It was also this year that they officially launched *Houkai Gakuen* (崩坏学园).

《崩坏学园》是一款2D射击游戏，画面依然是二次元风格，但玩法更加成熟，剧情也更加丰富。最重要的是，这是一款专门针对中国二次元玩家的游戏。在2012年，中国的二次元市场还非常小众，主流游戏市场被MMORPG（大型多人在线角色扮演游戏）占据，像腾讯的《英雄联盟》、网易的《魔兽世界》都是当时的霸主。

*Houkai Gakuen* was a 2D shooting game, still anime-styled in appearance, but with more mature gameplay and richer storyline. Most importantly, it was a game specifically targeting Chinese otaku players. In 2012, China's otaku market was still very niche, with the mainstream gaming market dominated by MMORPGs (Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games). Titles like Tencent's *League of Legends* and NetEase's *World of Warcraft* were the kings at that time.

米哈游的策略很聪明：与其在大市场里和巨头硬碰硬，不如在一个细分市场里做到最好。他们深入研究二次元玩家的需求：喜欢收集、喜欢养成、喜欢角色之间的互动、喜欢"老婆"（对虚拟角色的爱称）。《崩坏学园》完美地满足了这些需求：萌萌哒的角色、炫酷的装备系统、丰富的剧情内容，还有无处不在的"萌"元素。

miHoYo's strategy was clever: rather than clashing head-on with giants in a massive market, why not excel in a niche market? They deeply researched the needs of otaku players: love collecting, love raising/nurturing, love interactions between characters, love "waifus" (term of endearment for virtual characters). *Houkai Gakuen* perfectly satisfied these needs: adorable characters, flashy equipment systems, rich story content, and ubiquitous "moe" elements.

《崩坏学园》的成功证明了"二次元也能赚钱"这个在当时看起来近乎荒谬的命题。游戏上线后迅速积累了大量忠实用户，月流水很快突破千万。对于一个从零开始的创业公司来说，这是一个相当不错的成绩。但更重要的是，《崩坏学园》让米哈游积累了大量宝贵的经验：如何运营一个二次元游戏，如何维护核心用户群体，如何在社区中建立品牌忠诚度。这些经验后来都被运用到了更大的项目中。

*Houkai Gakuen*'s success proved the seemingly absurd proposition that "otaku culture can make money." The game quickly accumulated a large loyal user base after launch, with monthly revenue soon breaking ten million yuan. For a startup that started from scratch, this was quite an achievement. But more importantly, *Houkai Gakuen* gave miHoYo invaluable experience: how to operate an otaku game, how to maintain a core user community, how to build brand loyalty in a community. This experience would later be applied to bigger projects.

但米哈游的野心远不止于此。2016年，他们推出了《崩坏3》，这是一款3D动作游戏，标志着米哈游在技术层面的一次巨大飞跃。《崩坏3》的画面质量在当时的中国手游市场简直是"降维打击"——精美的3D建模、流畅的动作设计、炫酷的特效渲染，让无数玩家惊呼"这画质也太牛了吧"。

But miHoYo's ambition didn't stop there. In 2016, they launched *Houkai 3rd*, a 3D action game marking a massive leap in miHoYo's technical capabilities. *Houkai 3rd*'s graphics quality was literally "dimensional warfare" in China's mobile gaming market at the time—exquisite 3D models, smooth action design, flashy special effects rendering, making countless players exclaim, "This graphics quality is insane!"

《崩坏3》的技术突破不是偶然的。据报道，米哈游在开发《崩坏3》时投入了巨大的研发资源，组建了一支数百人的技术团队，专门攻克3D动作游戏的各种技术难题。游戏的动作系统、特效系统、渲染系统都是自主研发的，达到了当时的一流水准。更难能可贵的是，尽管画面质量堪比主机游戏，《崩坏3》依然针对移动设备进行了深度优化，确保在中低端手机上也能流畅运行。

*Houkai 3rd*'s technical breakthrough wasn't accidental. Reports indicate miHoYo invested enormous R&D resources into developing *Houkai 3rd*, assembling a technical team of several hundred people specifically tackling various technical challenges of 3D action games. The game's action system, effects system, and rendering system were all self-developed, reaching top-tier standards at the time. What was even more commendable was that despite graphics quality comparable to console games, *Houkai 3rd* was deeply optimized for mobile devices, ensuring smooth performance even on